Workshop Manuals Factory service & repair Land Rover
01 Freelander 2001 TO 2004MY Onwards Workshop Manual - System Description and Operation - 5th Edition - NAS02 03 04 05 06 07 08 ENGINE - K SERIES KV609 10 11 12 EMISSION CONTROL - K SERIES KV613 14 15 16 17 18 19 ENGINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - SIEMENS20 FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM - K SERIES KV621 22 23 COOLING SYSTEM - K SERIES KV624 25 MANIFOLD AND EXHAUST SYSTEM - K SERIES KV626 27 INTERMEDIATE REDUCTION DRIVE28 AUTOMATIC GEARBOX - JATCO29 DRIVESHAFTS30 31 REAR AXLE AND FINAL DRIVE32 STEERING33 FRONT SUSPENSION34 35 REAR SUSPENSION36 37 BRAKES38 RESTRAINT SYSTEMS39 HEATING AND VENTILATION40 41 AIR CONDITIONING42 43 44 WIPERS AND WASHERS45 CONTROL UNITS46 47 COMMUNICATION DATA BUSES48 49 SECURITY50 51 52 WINDOWS53 54 55 DRIVING AIDS56 NAVIGATION SYSTEM57 58 INSTRUMENTS
Land Rover Freelander System Description and Operation47 · COMMUNICATION DATA BUSES
47 · General

CAN Bus

Make
Land Rover
Model
Freelander System Description and Operation
Section
Description › CAN Bus
COMMUNICATION DATA BUSESCAN Bus
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COMMUNICATION DATA BUSES

86-4-6

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

Description

General
A number of different types of data bus can be incorporated into vehicle wiring harnesses for the transmission of 
commands and information between ECU's. Some of the buses are installed as a network connecting several ECU's 
together and some are installed as dedicated links between pairs of ECU's. The bus configuration installed on a 
particular vehicle depends on the model and equipment level.

Freelander incorporates the following data bus systems:

l

Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. A network connected between the instrument pack, the ABS and powertrain 
related ECU's

l

Diagnostic DS2 bus

l

ISO 9141 K line

Serial interface circuits in the ECU's transmit and receive commands and information on the buses as digital 
messages. ECU's connected to the same bus use a common protocol (format) and baud rate (transmission speed) 
for the messages they transmit. The protocol and baud rate vary from bus to bus.

Not all system ECU's are connected to the CAN bus system but they may require information that is being transmitted 
on the CAN bus system. The instrument pack acts as a gateway translating CAN bus signals into a format compatible 
with non CAN ECU's. Some signals are also converted from their existing state into the CAN format and transmitted 
on the CAN bus system for use by CAN based ECU's, for example the air conditioning pressure sensor reading is 
converted by the instrument pack and sent via CAN to the respective engine management system.

A twisted pair of wires are used for the CAN bus and single wires are used for the diagnostic buses. Bus wires can 
be repaired using the recommended connectors and the recommended procedure. The unwound length of CAN bus 
wires must not exceed 40 mm (1.6 in). If a fault is suspected on the CAN bus system it must be diagnosed and rectified 
using TestBook/T4.

Data Bus Types

CAN Bus
The CAN bus is a high speed broadcast network where the ECU's automatically transmit information on the bus every 
few microseconds. The two wires of the bus are identified as CAN Low (L) and CAN High (H), and are twisted together 
to minimise the electromagnetic interference (noise) produced by the CAN messages. To prevent message errors 
from electrical reflections, 120 ohm resistors are incorporated into the CAN wire terminals of the instrument pack and 
the Engine Control Module (ECM).

Messages consist of a signal which is simultaneously transmitted, in opposite phase, on both wires. CAN L switches 
between 2.5 and 1.5 volts while CAN H switches between 2.5 and 3.5 volts, which causes the potential difference 
between the two lines to switch between 0 volt (logic 1) and 2 volts (logic 0) to produce the digital signal message.

Bus

Baud Rate (kbits/s)

Protocol

CAN

500

ISO 11898

ISO 9141 K line

10.4

ISO keyword 2000

Diagnostic DS2

9.6

Corporate for diagnostics

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