Workshop Manuals Factory service & repair Land Rover
01 Range Rover 2002MY ON Workshop Manual - System Description and Operation - LM - 6th Edition - NAS02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 ENGINE - V810 11 12 ENGINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM – V813 14 FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM – V815 16 17 18 19 20 COOLING SYSTEM – V821 22 MANIFOLDS AND EXHAUST SYSTEM – V823 TRANSFER BOX24 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION – ZF 5HP2425 26 DRIVE AND PROPELLER SHAFTS27 28 FINAL DRIVE29 STEERING30 31 SUSPENSION32 33 34 35 BRAKES36 37 38 RESTRAINT SYSTEMS39 40 41 DOORS42 INTERIOR TRIM COMPONENTS43 44 45 SCREENS46 SEATS47 48 SUNROOF49 50 AIR CONDITIONING51 52 53 54 55 56 57 WIPERS AND WASHERS58 59 CHARGING AND STARTING60 61 62 63 64 LIGHTING65 66 BODY CONTROL UNIT67 68 COMMUNICATION DATA BUSES69 70 71 SECURITY72 WINDOWS73 74 75 ENTERTAINMENT AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS76 DRIVING AIDS77 78 INSTRUMENTS
Land Rover L322 Range Rover System Description and Operation59 · CHARGING AND STARTING
59 · Electrical

Alternator

Make
Land Rover
Model
Range Rover L322 Range Rover System Description and Operation
Section
Description › Alternator
CHARGING AND STARTINGAlternator · page 1 of 2
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CHARGING AND STARTING

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

86-1-3

Description

Charging and Starting System
The starting system on the vehicle comprises a 12V starter motor which drives the engine to start the combustion 
process. The starter converts electrical energy into mechanical power. The vehicle electrical system must be capable 
of supplying sufficient power to enable the engine to be cranked.

The charging system comprises a battery and an alternator. The battery must be of sufficient capacity to operate the 
starter motor and operate the various vehicle electrical systems. The alternator charges the battery when the engine 
is running and increases its output as demand on the battery increases.

The instrument pack incorporates a charge warning lamp which illuminates if the there is a low output or no output 
from the alternator.

Alternator
The alternators used on the Td6 and V8 engines are different in construction, but their principles of operation are 
similar. The alternator used on the V8 engine is located in a water cooled housing.

The alternators comprise a stator, a rotor, a rectifier pack and a regulator. A single output terminal is connected by a 
heavy duty cable to the battery positive terminal, via the starter motor battery connection terminal. The alternator is 
connected to earth via its mountings.

The rotor comprises a field winding, wound around an iron core and mounted on a shaft. The iron core has extensions 
at each end which form North and South poles as current flows through the field winding. The rotor is located inside 
the stator and is mounted on bearings for smooth running and to support the rotor due to the high side loading applied 
by the drive belt tension.

The stator has three sets of coils made from copper wire. The three coil windings are connected in a 'star' connection, 
where one end of the winding is connected to the other two windings. The output current is supplied from the opposite 
end of each winding. Rotation of the rotor causes ac current to be produced in the coils.

The rectifier converts the ac current produced in the stator coils into dc (rectified) current required by the vehicle 
electrical system. The rectifier comprises semi-conductor diodes mounted on a heatsink to dissipate heat. An equal 
number of the diodes are on the negative and positive side, with the remaining diodes staying neutral. The rectifier 
also prevents current flow from the battery to the alternator when the output voltage is less than the battery voltage.

The integrated regulator controls the output voltage from the alternator to prevent the battery from being overcharged 
and to prevent the vehicle electrical systems from excessive voltage. The regulator, which is temperature related to 
optimise battery charging, sets the maximum output voltage to a nominal 14.5V and varies the output voltage 
depending on the state of charge of the battery and the loads required by the vehicle electrical systems.

The regulator has transistors which rapidly switch on and off to regulate the voltage output according to the voltage 
sensed internally. The regulator also provides a signal output to the ECM which uses the signal to adjust the idle 
speed under varying electrical loads.

Initially, the ignition switch supply provides an excitation current to the rotor at low alternator speeds via brushes which 
contact slip rings at the end of the rotor shaft. As the alternator speed increases the alternator becomes self exciting.

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