Workshop Manuals Factory service & repair Land Rover
01 Range Rover 2002MY ON Workshop Manual - System Description and Operation - LM - 6th Edition - NAS02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 ENGINE - V810 11 12 ENGINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM – V813 14 FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM – V815 16 17 18 19 20 COOLING SYSTEM – V821 22 MANIFOLDS AND EXHAUST SYSTEM – V823 TRANSFER BOX24 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION – ZF 5HP2425 26 DRIVE AND PROPELLER SHAFTS27 28 FINAL DRIVE29 STEERING30 31 SUSPENSION32 33 34 35 BRAKES36 37 38 RESTRAINT SYSTEMS39 40 41 DOORS42 INTERIOR TRIM COMPONENTS43 44 45 SCREENS46 SEATS47 48 SUNROOF49 50 AIR CONDITIONING51 52 53 54 55 56 57 WIPERS AND WASHERS58 59 CHARGING AND STARTING60 61 62 63 64 LIGHTING65 66 BODY CONTROL UNIT67 68 COMMUNICATION DATA BUSES69 70 71 SECURITY72 WINDOWS73 74 75 ENTERTAINMENT AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS76 DRIVING AIDS77 78 INSTRUMENTS
Land Rover L322 Range Rover System Description and Operation23 · TRANSFER BOX
23 · General

Torsen® Differential Operation

Make
Land Rover
Model
Range Rover L322 Range Rover System Description and Operation
Section
Operation › Torsen® Differential Operation
TRANSFER BOXTorsen® Differential Operation
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TRANSFER BOX

41-22

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

Torsen® Differential Operation
The input torque from the transmission is passed via the synchroniser sleeve to the differential housing. The torque 
is then transmitted from the housing, through the three pairs of pinion gears and into the differential side gears.

The side gears have opposite handed helical gear forms and intermesh with only one of the pinion gears in each pair. 
The pinion gears intermesh with each other as well as individually meshing with only one of the side gears. Between 
each pinion gear and the differential housing and on either side of each side gear are friction surfaces or pairs of thrust 
washers and friction thrust washers. The pairs of thrust washers control the torque biasing function of the differential.

During normal driving, the differential housing rotates at the same speed as that of the input shaft in high range or the 
planetary carrier in low range. If there is no differential motion between the front and rear propeller shafts, then the 
differential gear and therefore the side gears will have no relative motion and the whole unit functions as a normal 
differential.

If the front or rear wheels suddenly loose traction, a large differential motion between the front and rear propeller 
shafts occurs as the slipping wheels begin to accelerate or spin. In this case with a normal differential, the torque 
applied to the non-slipping wheels is lost through the differential. With the Torsen® differential, as soon as one wheel 
begins to slip, the front and rear output side gears are encouraged to rotate at different speeds. With the side gears 
in constant mesh with their relative pinion gears, and the pinion gears meshing with each other, the differential begins 
to generate axial and radial thrust loads.

The thrust loads are generated as a result of the helical gear form of the pinion and side gears and they are exerted 
onto the thrust washers and friction thrust washers within the differential housing. The friction thrust washers generate 
a resistance to the relative motion and produce a locking effect within the differential. This ensures that the torque is 
always directed, or biased, towards the propeller shaft with the highest traction and ensures that the vehicle maintains 
continuous motion on slippery or uneven surfaces. This action takes place progressively and the driver will be 
unaware of its operation.

Parts & tools for this job Staging For Land Rover Range Rover

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